The importance that ancient Greeks attributed to numbers is well known. Since Pythagoras, they were considered as able to generate the whole Universe. Still, the Greeks used only the rational numbers and ignored the zero, with strong implications for their World vision. From them, all the numbers and therefore the whole Universe derived from the One, as explained by Plato in the Parmenides dialogue and further developed by Plotinus. In India, on the contrary, the concepts of vacuity (shunyata) and zero were very early recognized. Arab travellers were able to discover this concept and introduce it as the basis for arithmetics and algebra. In such a vision, the Zero precedes the One and can generate all numbers as pairs of opposites. The concept of voidness, central in Bouddhism, was easily accepted in ancient China, as it seemed close to the views of Taoism and to the concept of yin and yang. The concept of an active vacuum, distinct from nothingness, is in good accordance with the present scientific views. Still, outside the scientific realm, the concepts of Zero and voidness have not been integrated in the Western World view, which they might transform quite deeply.
On sait l'importance que les anciens Grecs attribuaient aux nombres, qui, depuis Pythagore étaient considérés comme sacrés, car capables de générer l'univers. Cette pensée a profondément influencé la pensée et la philosophie occidentales. Toutefois, les Grecs ne reconnaissaient que les rationnels positifs et, en particulier, ignoraient le zéro. Cette ignorance a eu d'importantes conséquences sur la vision du monde, qui découlait de cette pensée, et en particulier la primauté du Un, à partir duquel découlent tous les nombres et plus largement l'ensemble de l'Univers que nous connaissons. Cette idée, exposée dans le dialogue sur Parménide de Platon, a été développée en un vaste système de pensée par le Néoplatonisme. Elle a conditionné toute la pensée philosophique occidentale, qui n'a pu concevoir que l'Etre ou son absence, c'est à dire le Néant.
