Biomass is becoming more and more attractive as a raw material for the production of a wide array of materials and products. Some of these applications have been known for a long time, such as the production of cotton fibers for the textile industry or the transformation of lignin into paper pulp. New applications are now growing very fast, for materials (fibers for composite materials) and products. A growing share of the oil used for chemistry might be displaced by biomass in the years to come and biorefineries might replace, at least partly, oil refineries.
Les usages alimentaires de la
biomasse ne sont pas les seuls. La biomasse est utilisée aussi pour la
production de fibres, de produits chimiques et pour la production d’énergie. Dans tous ces domaines, les applications
tendent à se multiplier, notamment pour remplacer le pétrole comme matière
première, entraînant des risques de conflit avec les usages alimentaires.