The role of climate change has been most often ignored in History, with a few exceptions.Yet, the apparent correlation between temperature changes and historical events seems most impressive. By the end of last glaciation, the warming which occurs made possible the Revolution which occured during the Neolithic age. The climate variations occured during history may be linked with fluctuations of solar activity and sometimes with the explosion of a volcano liberating a huge cloud of ashes. The expansion of the greco-latin civilization lasted during a long period of warming which ends by the tear 0, followed by a period of cooling, which may have caused bad harvests and population migrations. During the Middle-ages, the climate becomes warmer and during the period 900-1200, the Groenland was really a "green" country where the Vikings could settle. The little ice age began at the Renaissance period and lasted until the middle of the 19 th century. Some winters were very cold and the poor harvests which resulted from such a cold weather may have been one of the reasons at the origin of the French Revolution. Of course, climate is certainly not the only reason for all these events, but it seems that its consequence has been neglected too often.
In the past warmer periods have been rather beneficial for northern countries. Still it does not mean, that it will be still the case in the future if global warming occurs as likely. Harvests may become better in Siberia and Canada. On the other hand, catastrphic situations in the South will necessarily have negative consequences also for northern countries, causing conflicts and massive migrations. In any case, history shows that climate is a significant factor which cannot be neglected.
Jusqu'à une date récente, le rôle des changements climatiques a été souvent négligé par les historiens, à l'exception notable d'Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, qui indique lui-même que longtemps il fut le seul en France. Dans les autres pays, les historiens qui se sont intéressés au climat sont peu nombreux. On peut notamment citer en Angleterre H. Lamb et D.J. Schove. Les problèmes de réchauffement climatique ont conduit récemment à un intérêt accru des historiens pour les questions climatiques, mais les études publiées portent le plus souvent sur une période historique relativement récente, et il manque une vision d'ensemble sur le rôle du climat dans l'évolution de l'humanité. Pourtant, quand on met les événements historiques en correspondance avec les variations climatiques, on peut observer des concordances troublantes.